It is a paid one used to show ads on top of search engine pages about the business.
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Anchor text is the visible words that hyperlinks display when linking to another webpage or website. Anchor text can provide both search engines and users relevant contextual information about the content of the link's destination.

On page non-technical things are:
Improve user experience
Ensure that readers coming from search engines spend a lot of time on your site.
Create good content
On-page technical things are:
Title
Heading Tags
Keyword Density
Meta Tags
Images
Word count per post
Internal linking
External linking
Write engaging content

Not indexed means your webpage is not in the list of search engine result page, when users search their queries.

Breadcrumbs are links that allow a user to track their path from homepage to where they are moving. it helpful to track the users' behavior on the site, according to that we can improve the website to stay user long time.

Do-follow link permit search engine to crawl that website to provide backlink and helps to improve ranking.

SEO helps to get the organic result on the search engine result page.

Alt tag shows details about the image means what is about and complete description of that image.

In terms of SEO, if you want to block Google from crawling a specific page on your website and indexing it in its search results pages then it is best practice to use a Meta robots tag to tell them that they are allowed to access this page but not show it in the SERPs.

SEO gives the organic result so SEO is better than PPC.

Check in Rank signal, Spyglass, SEMrush, SEO profiler, Linkody.

LSI (Latent Semantic Indexing) keywords are usually the highlighted words and phrases in the search result descriptions and are considered the most relevant to the original keywords.

Keyword Research
Great content
Page titles
Header tags
Optimized URLs
Page load time
Internal linking
Google authorship
Responsive design

Search engine results pages are web pages served to users when they search for something online using a search engine, such as Google. The user enters their search query (keyword), upon which the search engine presents them with a SERP.

Two types of links are there:
Do-follow links
No-follow links

Profile link helps to get back links, brand awareness, traffic, more conversions.
https://github.com/
https://www.sbnation.com/
https://www.plurk.com/
https://www.deviantart.com/
https://dribbble.com/

I used to regularly follow few link building strategies are:
•         List your site in directories
•         Write the best guest post
•         Write a blog
•         Build backlinks using forum, classifieds ads, social bookmarking
•         Discover competitors' common backlinks
•         Recovering the dead backlinks
•         Find the strongest competitors healthy backlinks
•         Find the most relevant link building opportunities       

Mobile SEO is the process of designing a website to make it for viewing on mobile screens have different size with low band width. Google, Yahoo, Facebook, Twitter and many other sites we find on web can also be found on mobile web. It increases the more visitors to site because now a days, all are using mobile for searches more.

Rank Brain is an algorithm learning artificial intelligence system, It helps Google to process search results and provide more relevant search results for users.

All off-page techniques are helps to get backlinks for a website and traffic.
Off page techniques are:
Guest blogging
Blog content
Profile creation
Local listing
Image sharing
Blog commenting
Social bookmarking
Directory submission
Classified ads

Site links are a deluxe listing format that presents a main search result, followed by two or more indented Sitelink results. Most web site operators view Sitelinks as a reputation enhancer, and also a way to control a greater area of the search results page. For these reasons Sitelinks are valuable.

Back links are also known as inbound links that are direct towards the website. The number of back links show the indication of popularity or importance of the website.
Back links are important for Search Engine Optimization because some of search engines give more credit to websites, which have more number of quality back links and consider those websites more relevant than other's sites in their result page for search queries.

SEO is the process of affecting the visibility of website or webpage in the web search engine unpaid result, SEO may target different kind of search such as image search, video search and academic search. It optimises the website and gives it's ranking in webpage. It includes on-page technique and off-page technique.

On-page technical things are:
Title
Heading Tags
Keyword Density
Meta Tags
Images
Word count per post
Internal linking
External linking
Write engaging content

Off page techniques are:
Guest blogging
Blog content
Profile creation
Local listing
Image sharing
Blog commenting
Social bookmarking
Directory submission
Classified ads

Blogs commenting can also be a great source of traffic for your own blog. If we comment on a blog which is related to our own topic, there is a high chance that visitors will check out our website/blog.

The link wheel is one such idea where several similar themed websites get together and create a circle of links. So website "A" links to website "B" which links to website "C" which then links back to website "A". Link wheels can contain any number of websites from the three in this example.

Back links are also known as inbound links that are direct towards the website. The number of back links show the indication of popularity or importance of the website.
Back links are important for Search Engine Optimization because some of search engines give more credit to websites, which have more number of quality back links and consider those websites more relevant than other's sites in their result page for search queries.

Black SEO is the one of the aggressive strategy used in the SEO. This tactics focus only on the search engine result page ranking than visitors. Website will be banned or penalized from search engine, if uses these black techniques. Some of the black hat techniques are keyword stuffing, Duplicate content, Cloaking, Link farming.

Traffic is very important for a website, helps to get keyword ranking.
To get traffic do these activities
Quora
Question and Answering
Social media sharing and posting

Social Media Marketing is a form of online marketing that utilizes the social networking websites as a marketing tool.
One of the key components of SMM is Social Media Optimization like SEO. SMO is a strategy for drawing new and unique visitors to a website. SMO can be done two ways: adding social media links to content, such as RSS feeds and sharing buttons or promoting activity through social media by updating status or tweets, or blog posts.

Web hosting is an online profile of a company, without it you won't be able to reach out to customers over the internet. It is your digital identity, as long as the website is up and will be able to get customers. A web host gives the perfect platform to communicate and transmit your messages to clients. If you have a web host of really high quality then you are likely to get better results in the search engine rankings as well.                                                                                                                                                                       

Keyword stemming draws traffic to website. A large variety of keywords through keyword stemming avoids keyword stuffing and repetition that might blacklist a website from a search engine when it is actually not attempting to fool the search results.

On-page optimization is one of the SEO techniques, Contains both content and HTML source code of a page that optimized by search engine.
On-page technical things are:
Title
Heading Tags
Keyword Density
Meta Tags
Images
URL
Internal linking
External linking
Write engaging content

Off page techniques are used to  build links which helps to increase keyword ranking and to get traffic. off page techniques are:
Guest blogging
Blog content
Profile creation
Local listing
Image sharing
Blog commenting
Social bookmarking
Directory submission
Classified ads