what is startup technique for off page seo?

Hi friends,
15 Great Off-Page SEO Techniques

1. Social Networking Sites
2. Blogging
3. Blog Marketing
4. Forum Marketing
5. Search Engine Submission
6. Directory Submission
7. Social Bookmarking
8. Link Baiting
9. Photo Sharing
10. Video Marketing
11. Business Reviews
12. Local Listings
13. Article Submission
14. Social Shopping Network
15. Answer Questions